Judge Lynch once ruled Madera County
Courtesy of The Madera County Historical Society
This photograph of Spring Valley School in O’Neals was taken in 1894, one year after Victor Adams was hanged from a tree just up the road from the school. His body was left hanging for two days, and youngsters walking to school no doubt contemplated the consequences of breaking the law.
Madera County has generally been a law-abiding place. Most of the time law and order has prevailed. Every once in a while, however, the people have taken things in their own hands by using a rope and the nearest tree to administer justice in old, pioneer fashion. Our local history is filled with such lynchings.
The first hanging to occur within the boundaries of what is now Madera County took place in 1863, when one A. L. Dixon was strung up somewhere between Coarsegold and the Fresno River. He was part of a gang of thieves who had infested the area for some time, plundering the mining camps and the stores. The outlaws primarily confined themselves to robbing the Chinese, since they were the least likely to retaliate. Finally, however, the citizens had had enough, so they organized and went after the gang, all of whom got away except Dixon. They hanged him to the nearest tree and then buried him close by. His grave was still marked as late as 1900.
The next year another lynching took place in the mountains, and this was also for stealing. James Rains was caught pilfering in his neighborhood. So exasperated were the people over the thefts and depredations, they decided to make an example of Rains, so he was hanged to a tree at Finegold, halfway between present day O’Neals and North Fork.
In that same year, 1864, one of the most famous of all local hangings took place along the San Joaquin River just across from Millerton. The citizens of our first county seat were never known for their patience, and one day a group of six men, disgruntled with the slowness of the wheels of justice, broke into the jail and hauled away an Indian who had been accused of murdering a sheepherder.
The self-appointed dispensers of justice took the prisoner to a hanging tree on the north side of the river, but as they prepared to dispatch the alleged killer, they discovered that in their haste, they had forgotten to bring a rope!
At that point, someone spotted young Lilbourne Winchell watching the episode while grazing his calf, which was tied to a long tether. In an instant, the animal was free, and the accused was suspended between heaven and earth. The Winchell lad, “amazed and indignant,” ran to his house and called for his mother. Together they ran to the scene, but they were too late. The deed had been accomplished. Frontier justice had prevailed once more. Mrs. Winchell took her son and returned home.
Those who accomplished the hanging were never apprehended, and the case was quickly closed. As for young Lilbourne, the next day when he went in search of his stolen rope, he found it on the same gallows tree with the ghostly figure of a man still swaying back and forth. Judge Lynch had prevailed with the help of a boy and his calf.
It was nine years before another lynching took place in present day Madera County. As in the case of the Millerton hanging, the crime was once again the murder of a sheepherder, this time a Chinese, by two Indians. They were hanged near Jone’s store on the north bank of the San Joaquin River.
Just a few months after old Judge Lynch took care of this case, he had to act again. The victim was another Indian who was hanged about a half-mile from Millerton for having violated a young girl. He fled to Centerville on the Kings River, but was subsequently caught, brought back to the county seat, and hanged.
Of course history will never forget the lynching of Victor Adams in 1895. Having been accused of shooting his father-in-law, Judge I.L. Baker, to death in an argument over a horse, Adams was apprehended by the dead man’s brother. On the way to the constable, a lynch mob intercepted Adams and his captors and relieved them of their prisoner. In less than an hour, Adams was stretched out beneath the limb of a huge oak tree that still stands on the O’Neals to North Fork road. Such was the contempt with which the community held Adams that they left his body hanging from the tree for two days!
There were, no doubt, other lynchings in the county. In 1893, a local newspaper estimated that there had been at least a hundred vigilante hangings in the county over the prior 37 years. The above examples, however, will suffice to show that lynch law was alive and well throughout Madera County’s pioneer past.
